Photo Credit: Philippine Government
Rodrigo Duterte’s presidency, marked by its fierce rhetoric and controversial policies, has left a profound and divisive impact on the Philippines. He remains a figure of intense debate, with some hailing him as a national hero and others condemning him as a scam artist who exploited the nation’s vulnerabilities. This editorial aims to dissect the complex legacy of Rodrigo Duterte, presenting a balanced view of his actions and their consequences, allowing Filipinos both at home and abroad to form their own informed opinions.
The Rise of Rodrigo Duterte: A Promise of Change
Duterte’s rise to power was fueled by public frustration with crime, corruption, and perceived government inefficiency. His campaign promises were bold: eradicate illegal drugs, restore law and order, and transform governance. His tough-talking persona resonated with many Filipinos who saw him as a decisive leader capable of addressing deep-seated issues.
As mayor of Davao City for over two decades, Duterte showcased his hardline approach to governance, claiming credit for transforming Davao into one of the safest cities in the Philippines. This narrative bolstered his presidential campaign, with supporters believing he could replicate Davao’s perceived success on a national scale. His promise of a safer Philippines became the cornerstone of his appeal.
The “War on Drugs”: A Legacy of Violence
Duterte’s flagship policy—the “war on drugs”—defined his presidency but remains its most polarizing aspect. Official government figures report thousands of deaths during anti-drug operations, while human rights organizations estimate significantly higher numbers, alleging widespread extrajudicial killings. Reports from Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch document cases of police abuses and killings without due process.
The campaign targeted poor urban communities disproportionately, raising concerns about systemic inequality. Supporters argue that the crackdown reduced crime rates and improved public safety. However, critics highlight its devastating human cost and question its effectiveness in addressing the root causes of drug addiction. The culture of impunity fostered during this period remains a contentious issue.
Here’s a comparative view of the reported deaths:
| Source | Estimated Deaths | Notes |
| Philippine Government (Official) | 7,000 deaths in the first six months of the campaign. | Contested by human rights groups |
| Human Rights Watch | 12,000 deaths by 2018, primarily among poor urban dwellers. | Reports include alleged extrajudicial killings |
| Amnesty International | Significantly higher than official figures | Reports document alleged police abuses |
| Commission on Human Rights (CHR) | Significantly higher than official figures | Detailed documentation of alleged human rights violations |
The “war on drugs” polarized the nation.11 Supporters argued that it effectively reduced crime and made communities safer. Critics, however, pointed to the erosion of human rights and the rule of law.12 They argued that the campaign targeted primarily the poor and marginalized, while failing to address the root causes of drug addiction.13 The lack of due process and the culture of impunity that emerged during this period remain deeply contentious issues.14
Economic Policies and Infrastructure Development
Duterte’s administration pursued ambitious economic reforms alongside infrastructure development under the “Build, Build, Build” program. This initiative aimed to modernize transportation networks, boost economic growth, and create jobs. Tax reforms complemented these efforts by increasing government revenue.
While infrastructure spending surged, critics pointed out uneven economic benefits and increased national debt. Allegations of corruption in project implementation further marred the program’s reputation. Marginalized communities often felt excluded from these economic gains, highlighting persistent inequalities.
Foreign Policy and International Relations
Duterte’s foreign policy marked a significant departure from traditional alliances. He criticized the United States while fostering closer ties with China and Russia. This pivot was seen by some as asserting Philippine independence; others viewed it as jeopardizing national security.
The South China Sea dispute underscored these complexities. Duterte initially adopted a conciliatory stance toward China but later filed diplomatic protests over Chinese activities in disputed waters. His inconsistent rhetoric created uncertainty about the Philippines’ position on sovereignty and regional security.
Corruption and Governance
Despite promises to combat corruption, Duterte’s administration faced allegations of graft involving high-ranking officials and government contracts. While efforts to streamline bureaucracy were made, critics argued that systemic corruption persisted.
Transparency remained a key concern throughout his presidency, with limited prosecution of major corruption cases undermining public confidence in his anti-corruption agenda.
The Impact on Democracy and Human Rights
Duterte’s presidency raised serious concerns about democratic backsliding in the Philippines. The closure of ABS-CBN—a major broadcasting network—was widely seen as an attack on press freedom. Intimidation of journalists and activists created an atmosphere of fear that stifled dissent.
Critics also pointed to the erosion of checks and balances as power became concentrated in the executive branch. The weakening of democratic institutions fuelled fears of authoritarianism.
The Supporters’ Perspective: A Strong Leader
For supporters, Duterte is a hero who addressed crime head-on, improved infrastructure, and asserted Philippine independence internationally. They view his controversial policies as necessary measures to achieve progress. Many argue that criticisms against him are exaggerated or politically motivated.
Supporters credit Duterte with decisive leadership during challenging times, believing he genuinely cared for ordinary Filipinos’ welfare.
The Critics’ Perspective: A Scam Artist
Critics see Duterte as a populist who exploited public frustration while undermining democracy and human rights. They condemn his “war on drugs” as brutal and ineffective, accuse him of fostering corruption, and criticize his foreign policy decisions as detrimental to national interests.
They argue that his authoritarian tendencies eroded democratic norms while creating a culture of fear and impunity.
The ICC Investigation and Its Implications
The International Criminal Court (ICC) investigation into alleged crimes against humanity during the “war on drugs” highlights international concern over human rights violations under Duterte’s leadership. The legal debate surrounding jurisdiction has polarized opinions further.
The ICC’s findings will have significant implications for Duterte’s legacy and human rights accountability in the Philippines.
A Nation Divided: Reconciling Contradictions
Rodrigo Duterte’s legacy is one of profound contradictions—he is both celebrated as a hero and condemned as a scammer. His presidency exposed deep societal divides that remain unresolved.
Reconciling these contradictions requires acknowledging both achievements—such as infrastructure development—and failures like human rights abuses. Addressing systemic issues such as drug addiction through rehabilitation programs may offer more sustainable solutions than punitive measures alone.
The Path Forward: Seeking Truth and Justice
The path forward for the Philippines requires a commitment to truth and justice. It is essential to conduct thorough and impartial investigations into the alleged human rights violations committed during the “war on drugs.” It is also crucial to address the root causes of drug addiction and to implement effective drug rehabilitation programs.
Strengthening democratic institutions and upholding the rule of law are essential for the country’s future. Protecting freedom of expression and ensuring transparency and accountability in government are also crucial. The nation must engage in a constructive dialogue about its past and its future.
Conclusion:
Duterte’s legacy remains contested and evolving. Whether he is remembered as a transformative leader or an authoritarian figure will depend on how Filipinos choose to interpret his actions—and how they address their nation’s challenges moving forward.
For the Philippines to heal its divisions, it must commit to truth-seeking, justice for human rights violations, strengthening democratic institutions, and fostering inclusive economic growth. Only through constructive dialogue can the nation chart a path toward reconciliation and progress.
Related Links and Sources:
- Human Rights Watch: www.hrw.org
- Amnesty International: www.amnesty.org
- Commission on Human Rights of the Philippines (CHR): chr.gov.ph
- Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency (PDEA): (Official Government Websites)
- Philippine National Police (PNP): (Official Government Websites)
- International Criminal Court (ICC): www.icc-cpi.int
- Reliable International News Sources (e.g., Reuters, Associated Press, BBC, CNN)
- Official Philippine Government Statements
Disclaimer: This editorial aims to provide a fair and balanced view of Rodrigo Duterte’s legacy. The opinions expressed are based on publicly available information and are intended for informational purposes only. The situation is complex and evolving, and new perspectives may emerge. We encourage readers to consult multiple sources and form their own informed opinions. If you find any inaccuracies in this editorial, please report them to info@taasnoopilipino.com so we can correct them promptly.
